Electronic Media - 13295 Words

Not Just a Matter of Time: Field Differences and the Shaping of Electronic Media in Supporting Scientific Communication Rob Kling Geoffrey McKim April 27, 2000 Indiana University School of Library and Information Science 10th Jordan, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA +1 812 855 5113 kling@indiana.edu, mckimg@indiana.edu Accepted for publication in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Abstract The shift towards the use of electronic media in scholarly communication appears to be an inescapable imperative. However, these shifts are uneven, both with respect to field and with respect to the form of communication. Different scientific fields have developed and use distinctly different communicative forums, both in the paper†¦show more content†¦We see notable risks in a pure laissez-faire â€Å"let them work it out for themselves† approach. Large amounts of money, resources, and effort are being committed (by government agencies, by academic departments, by publishers, by professional societies, and by individual researchers) to the development, maintenance, and promotion of various forms of communications technologies for use in global science. However, in the absence of a valid theory of how scholarly fields adopt and shape technology, scientists and policy-makers are left only with context-free models, and hence resources may be committed to projects that a re not self-sustainable, that wither, and that do not effectively improve the scientific communications system of the field. The consequences may not only be sub-optimal use of financial resources, but also wasted effort on the part of individual researchers, and even data languishing in marginal, decaying, and dead systems and formats. The purpose of this JASIS perspectives article is to deepen our understanding of the future of electronic communications in science. It is difficult to predict the longterm future, as too many contingencies can and will shape long-term outcomes to make meaningful predictions. One may casually predict that that many if not all research journals will issue electronic editions in the 21st century; however, more complex issues about the role ofShow MoreRelatedElectronic Media1675 Words   |  7 PagesELECTRONIC MEDIA AND PRINT MEDIA INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC MEDIA This is a type of MASS MEDIA which uses ELECTRONIC Energy in the user end. The most familiar electronic media includes video recording, audio recording, multimedia presentations, slide presentations, CD ROM’S and online contents. Also, recorded broadcasting in television, radio, telephone etc. could be considered as electronic media. THE BASIC USES OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA Electronic Media is probably the most diversified subject of studyRead MoreThe Problem Of Electronic Media2038 Words   |  9 Pagessignificant and sustainable transformation undergone by Croatian media in the years following the Yugoslav Wars of Dissolution. It has been through this analysis that I have endeavored to illuminate some of the many issues facing the Croatian media systems as a whole, and to establish the historical background necessary to understand the current state of media throughout the country. In this section I will argue that the Law on Electronic Media has not only failed to be implemented properly, but that culturalRead Moreadvabtages and disadvantages of electronic media829 Words   |  4 PagesAND DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA: Electronic Media is a rich resource of services, supplies, creative and innovative solutions to everyday domestic and professional demands. We are living in the era of electronic media. None can avoid and escape from it. It is prevailing profound effects on advertisement, education, information, politics and other social activities. If we look around us what is there that is impossible to? It is none other than this electronic media that has made our lifeRead MoreEffect of Electronic Media on Children4822 Words   |  20 PagesPERSPECTIVE Effect of Electronic Media on Children MUNNI RAY AND KANA RAM JAT From the Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India. Correspondence to: Munni Ray, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India. munniray1@yahoo.com Radio, television (TV), movies, video games, cell phones, and computerRead MoreSocial Media And Electronic Gadgets1231 Words   |  5 PagesBan Social Media and Electronic Gadgets In the last decade, social media has tremendously revolutionized the way people socialize and communicate on the web. According to McCombs (2012), social media is a platform that allows people to stay connected through internet. In essence, social media has had a considerable impact on businesses, politics, family relations, and our culture. People are using social media to communicate with family members or their acquaintances to catch up on the latest issuesRead More The Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media New technology has developed rapidly since the birth of the internet, and it continues to expand and evolve affecting many domains, especially the print media. This essay will investigate the influence and impact of current technology of the electronic media and World Wide Web on print media, and how future developments in technology will affect the future direction of the traditional newspaper. The way in which â€Å"Bloggers† haveRead MoreMexicos Current Electronic Media1468 Words   |  6 Pagesthe media, as the reporter without borders describes Mexico (Mexico Profile - Media). Due to the increase of deaths among reporters it becomes a risk to gather news for Mexican citizens. However, the growth of media continues to increase throughout Mexico. Despite the number of deaths among reporters media is still prominent in the country. Mexico s mass media is similar to the United States in most ways. In contrast to the U.S., Mexico s government has control and influence on th e media thatRead MoreThe Impact of Electronic Media on Performance of Students11847 Words   |  48 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The media, most especially television, mobile phone, internet, computer have gradually become a part of our daily lives, and sources of information, education and entertainment have been described as the primary functions of the media. Student at higher secondary level learnt more of media. There is three functions to the media: i. Surveillance of the Environment (the news function). ii. Correlation of the different parts of theRead More Electronic Publishing: The future of the media industry? Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesElectronic Publishing: The future of the media industry? It all depends on whom you talk to, because everyone has their opinion. Some people feel that this industry is a flash in the pan, but others feel quite differently. The Internet is expanding second by second and the information that is on this medium is astounding. Newspapers and magazines have jumped into a type of publishing called internet publishing, or electronic publishing, in which the Internet becomes the primary place to find informationRead MoreElectronic Media vs Print (Thesis Paper)13276 Words   |  54 PagesElectronic Media VS. Print Where America Gets Its News Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................†¦4 Premise Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Personal Limitation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................†¦5 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Section 1: Birth of Electronic Media and its Popularity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Radio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦6 Humble Beginnings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......6 From Navigation to

The Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students

The Effects of Binge Drinking in College Students Binge drinking is when a person has more than four drinks, if female and five if male, in one sitting. While researching texts written about the negative effects of binge drinking in college students, I found articles and scholarly journals written by specialists in this specific field of study. These authors mainly focus on the fact that excessive binge drinking is detrimental to the quality of life and can alter your state of health in a negative way. Excessive drinking is most prevalent in college aged students and binge drinking is considered to be the greatest public health issue on American college campuses. My goal in this paper is to bring to light the dangerous risks and effects that binge drinking has on college students today. To achieve this goal, I have organized my paper into five main sections. In my first section I discuss the cognitive development that makes college students more susceptible to excessive binge drinking. In the second section, I discuss the social interactions that promote social drinking among college students. In the third section, I discuss the dangers and life long detriment to physical and emotional aspects in life. In the fourth section, I provide possible solutions to help prevent binge drinking among college students. I end my paper with a fifth section where I discuss the positive effects of drinking, when in moderation and I conclude with a works cited page with my ten sources onShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students1290 Words   |  6 Pagescommunicating the evidence that comes from alcoholic abuse in college students. The academic environment has its impact on the undergraduate student at some point or another, it is to some the only way to hav e fun, unknowingly the impact of binge drinking on their life can negatively affect their future while jeopardizing their career goals at the same time this type of substance abuse is negative. â€Å"The highest ratio of binge drinking can be found on college campuses† (Wechsler and Austin, 1998). There is aRead MoreEffects of Binge Drinking on College Students600 Words   |  3 PagesVeronica Harper’s Effects of Binge Drinking on College Students College students are more likely to consume alcohol more than people of the same age who are not attending college. Almost half of the college students that consume alcohol are considered binge drinkers (Five drinks in a row at one sitting for a man and four drinks in a row at one sitting for women). Many students believe the use of alcohol is a big part of the college experience, thus can be concluded that the college atmosphere may influenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagesfor society, and college students are no exception to this problem, especially when it comes to binge drinking. Binge drinking is classified at 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more drinks for women within 2 hours. According to a study by Ikes, â€Å"more than 40% of college students have engaged in heavy episodic drinking (HED)† or binge drinking (find pg number) and â€Å"19% engage in frequent binge drinking† (Iconis 243). There are very large implications for college students drinking this much alcoholRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay825 Words   |  4 PagesBinge Drinking would have various of ways to define what in reality means. As for college students would define it as a way to drink non-stop, just for fun, or excessively drinking until drunk. Binge drinking can be interpreted in a scientific form, like NIAAA defines binge drinking as a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL . This typically occurs after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men—in about 2 hours. (National Institute on Alcohol AbuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students849 Words   |  4 PagesCollege is arguably the single most important transition in an individual’s live which they experience many forms of peer pressure and specific growth patterns. Those individuals fortunate enough to pay for their studies are able to further education far and wide across the globe, not while coming at the cost of many positives stringing some negative. With increased peer pressure and opportunity, some are introduced to a parent’s worst nightmare that being the cause and effects of binge drinkingRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Wechsler in Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking, stresses how modern college students think that binge drinking is a norm in college life. I agree with Wechsler th at the modern college student thinks binge drinking is normal. In High School, people would binge drink on a regular basis, and that eventually carried over into collegiate life. After being in college for about a month now, I realized that every night students binge drink either at bars, fraternity houses, or tailgatesRead MoreBinge Drinking Among College Students And Its Implications On The Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesBinge Drinking among College Students and Its Implications on the Society Binge drinking is a term used to describe a situation where women drink more than 4 bottles of alcohol in a row and men drink 5 or more bottles of alcohol in a row. It is taking too much alcohol in a short period. Alcohol is a substance that gradually produces an addiction in the body. Many college students use alcohol in recreational activities and parties. The alcohol gradually leads to addiction and causes a decline in theirRead MoreBinge Drinking On College Campuses1459 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Paul October 28, 2014 Binge Drinking On College Campuses Over the past few years, there has been this big debate about whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 or if it should stay at 21. Those in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 argue that someone who is old enough to serve their country should be allowed to have a drink. Those who are in favor of keeping the minimum legal drinking age at 21 because of consequences regarding psychological developmentRead MoreCause Effect of Binge Drinking Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesunplanned sexual activity all have in common? They are all frequent results of binge drinking by college students. On a typical Friday or Saturday night you can find the average college student out drinking and having fun. Normally partying with friends at a party, bar, or club; most of these college students are underage consuming excessive amounts of alcohol, or as its better known, â€Å"binge drinking.†The term binge drinking is defined as the consumption of five or more drinks in a row by men and fourRead MoreAccording To â€Å"College Drinking,† Almost Two Out Of Three1388 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to â€Å"College Drinking,† almost two out of three college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL or higher (â€Å"College Drinking†). Many parents, guardians, and psychologists believe that college students binge drink because they think drinking is an integral part of their higher education. Similar to peer pressure, college students drink because the rest of the student body drinks. Furthermore

Why and how do writers of English Literary and playful texts “break the rules of” English Free Essays

After having defined the terms â€Å"playful and literary†, I will then look briefly at foregrounding and the classification of the English Language. Then rhyme, rhythm and repletion would be examined followed by how writers break syntactic rules to show thought process. This will be followed by literary usage of the metaphor, collocation and iconicity. We will write a custom essay sample on Why and how do writers of English Literary and playful texts â€Å"break the rules of† English? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then I will examine playful text in relation to graffiti, newspapers and advertising. Literary and playful usage of language is different from that of everyday language in that it draws attention to the language itself. Writers achieve this by being creative, original and imaginative. Moreover, by â€Å"skilfully manipulating language to create patterns and usage† to express ideas, which draws the readers giving them an original insight into the world of the writer. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 198) Writers of literary and playful text use language to draw attention to it by way of surprising the reader into an original perception of the language and the subject matter. This according to the Russian formalists is foregrounding (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 163). Foregrounding is achieved, by breaking the rules of language, that is sound, grammar and meaning to place the reader in the text. Thus, the reader is surprised into seeing the image, hearing the sounds and feeling the emotions. The English Language is classified according to the way words are arranged in sequence and it is referred to as a subject verb object or SVO language. This is because the subject always comes before the verb and the object that is being referred to follows the verb. (Graddol etal. , 1994, p. 5) Looking first at rhyme, rhythm and repetition in literary usage, writers especially poets use this as a form of foregrounding. They use rhyme, rhythm and repetition in to make original observations. As in William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger†, one can see that there is an end rhyme with the first line rhyming with the second, and the third with the fourth in an aabb pattern. This is not something is common in normal speech or text. Therefore, Blake, whilst following the tradition of writing poetry in end rhymes is breaking the rules of English. Blake does this because he is not only foregrounding the symmetrical pattern of the verse in its aabb rhymes pattern, but he is also highlighting the eye symmetry of the text. This is done in the first and last stanza where both stanzas are symmetrical apart from one word. Thus, there is a sense of closure and we understand that we have arrived at an end, but because of the aabb pattern, there is also continuity and the idea of the circle of life. Blake also uses rhythm, with each line consisting of four alternating stressed and unstressed words, is used to emphasis the beat of not only the tread of the Tyger but also the rhythmical beating of the hammer on the anvil. The creator of the Tyger and the creator of the poem also use repetition and alliteration to foreground the symmetry of the design. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 165) Authors also use rule breaking to foreground their characters thought processes. William Faulkner In his novel â€Å"The Sound and the Fury† manipulates the language and surprises the readers into the thought process of the narrator Benjy, who thinks and voices his thoughts, as would a child. He achieves this flow of thought process by omitting the object after the verb. Thus, the reader is uncomfortable with the language, which is limited, showing and creating a sense of incompleteness. This is exactly what Faulkner is aiming for, because Benjy although being thirty-three, is incomplete and exhibits the thought and language process that of a child. Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 167) The Charles Dickens also breaks the rules governing the syntactic relationship between words. In his novel The Bleak House Dickens does not, use the verb â€Å"is† after the subject, which is the fog and the object, which is everywhere and everything. By doing this, he foregrounds the reader into an innovative outlook and the reader receives the impression that there is no escaping from the fog; it is all invasive invading the countryside, the social, cultural and political environment. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 167) Another distinctive feature of literary usage is the metaphor and collocation. Metaphors are comparisons that are not made explicit. They exploit the meanings of words and â€Å"are slipped into â€Å"the sentence (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 165). The rules of English are broken by the metaphor by playing on the various meanings of a word and the paradigmatic relationship of a word. As in the use of â€Å"burning† and â€Å"burnt† in Blake’s The Tyger the words not only refer to the eyes of the Tyger but also to the furnace and the stars when speared are also burning too such an extent that they water the heaven with their tears. Collocation refers to the combining tendencies of words† (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 169) that is, the relationship words have with each other, the meanings that are associated with words and in the context that they are normally used. When this rule is broken, the writers are able to utilise our sense of word collocation to foreground â€Å"unusual and striking association of meaning† (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 169). In Carol Ann Duffy’s poem ‘Litany’ metaphors and collocation is used when she writes â€Å"The terrible marriages crackled cellophane round polyester shirts†. Marriages do not crackle. The word crackle is usually associated with dry inanimate objects; it is this association, which surprises the reader into looking at the marriage in a new light. The metaphor of the cellophane and polyester shirts continue this theme of inanimateness, dead and lifeless as opposed to the marriage being alive and thriving. Collocation is also associated with playful usage of English as in Punning. This occurs when the different meanings of the words are exploited, as in â€Å"My Children! My Africa! Here the Playwright plays on the word ‘riot’ to emphasis the difference in culture and explores the difference in meaning associated to a word by differing social groups. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 171) Another feature of literary usage is the iconic â€Å"where the sounds and shapes of words and phrases imitate particular objects or process† (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 172) writers use this device in order for the reader to experience and hear the sounds being described. Wordsworth in ‘The Prelude’ uses it to call upon the simple childhood pleasure of making oneself dizzy. He does this by having a long sentence where the subject and verb occur late in the passage. This achieves the effect of rushing and spinning to an abrupt stop. In addition, one can almost imagine that even though we have stopped the â€Å"solitary cliffs Wheeled by†¦ the earth rolled†¦ † (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 172) e e cummings uses this technique in his poem I (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 202) He relies on the visual effect of the poem to emphasis the falling of one leaf and its oneness. Playful text also uses language to draw attention to it this is achieved, by breaking the rules of language, that is sound, grammar and meaning Just like in literary usage. Graffiti although regarded as being antisocial and illegal is an area where English is used in a playful and entertaining way to highlight a particular comment on social issues or give voice to those sub groups that have been denied access to mainstream. Because of the very nature of graffiti, it tends to be short and succinct. The Graffiti â€Å"Glory to God in the High St† (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 10) by deleting a single letter from the angel’s message to the Shepard’s, the graffiti satirises the original Christmas message and reflects the commercialization of Christmas. This is achieved by playing on the sounds and the meaning of the two words Highest and High St. An example of iconic graffiti that is a thought process would be â€Å"Dsylexia rules KO† The popular press also use puns and word play in their headlines e. g. â€Å"Belly Nice (model Naomi Campbell with bare stomach), Wedding Prez (President Clinton unexpectedly attends a wedding)† (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 17). They by virtue of being tabloid newspapers need to capture the readers’ attention quickly and be able to express in a short headline the nature of the article. Therefore, by using headlines like â€Å"Belly Nice† they play on the phrase â€Å"very nice† in referring to the bare stomach and associating it to her second name Campbell. Another area that breaks the rules of English in a playful way is advertising. Advertising uses all the literary techniques of foregrounding to sell the product, image or idea. In the PO advertisement, the text is simple; it has rhyme, rhythm and repetition, and seems at first glance to be a simple, child’s first reader. However, each line does not have the object. It is only at the end that one realises that the last word is the object of the previous lines. In conclusion after having looked at the various distinctive features of literary and playful usage of text one can see that writers, poets, graffiti writers, journalist and the advertisers use and break the rules of English to foreground there ideas in a creative, original and imaginative way. How to cite Why and how do writers of English Literary and playful texts â€Å"break the rules of† English?, Papers

Integrated Business Challenge

Questions: 1.How Disney can Manage/Lower any risk that may Impact the Project. 2.How Disney will find the Finance to Fund the Expansion. 3.How will Disney Market their Products and what is their Demographic. 4.The Main legal issues Disney may face in the Expansion. Answers: Introduction The scoping report of Disneyland focuses on the issues that will be faced by the company during its process of expansion in a foreign country. The scoping report of Disneyland will identify various issues of the external market in Mauritius. The scoping report of the company will help Disneyland while reducing the different types of risks and legal problems faced by the company in the Mauritius region. The different risks are identified in the expansion of the business activities of the company and its strategic implementation. Apart from that, a business also faces many legal issues while operating their business operations in the country. A thorough research on the legal laws, trade laws and other regulations that controls the activities of the business in the new country will be conducted by using different theoretical frameworks and practical implications of latest technologies. The methods and approaches used in financing and marketing will be discussed in details that will help Disneyland in creating brand awareness among the target customers of Mauritius. Detailed analysis of the marketing techniques and sustainability are the main aspects that are the reason of popularity of the company in Mauritius. Apart from that, the demographic features of the country as well as the target customers are also mentioned in the study. Disney land is a theme park that is first opened in California, America. Disney currently operates on five different locations of the world such as Tokyo, Paris, Florida, Hong Kong and California. The study will focus on the expansion of Disney Land in Mauritius. Several aspects of culture, accessibility, human resources, land, economic stability, infrastructures, competition, awareness of Disney board, etc. are to be addressed in the study. The different favourable conditions of doing business in Mauritius must be discussed in the study for discussion of the marketing activities, risk profile, cultural inclusion and sustainability of th e company in Mauritius. 1.Risk Profile Economic condition of Mauritius is strong with the liberal economic principles. Despite of having many favourable conditions, there are many risks faced by the companies while doing business in Mauritius. The risks of expanding business operations in Mauritius are described below. Disney Land must focus on this aspect in order to mitigate the problems of expansion of business in the target country. Problems while Dealing with the Construction Permits The environmental considerations of the country are responsible for creating an effect causing a long widened process. Disney Land before starting their construction of park may consult with various government authorities that will carry different types of inspections before starting the work. After completing all the procedures of inspection, the occupancy permit can be granted by the Ministry of Government (Nguyen, Newby and Macaulay 2015). Getting Electricity The Central Electricity Board is responsible of providing electricity to the firms after lengthy process of various types of routine inspections, meter installation and visual internal and external inspection. Registration of Property Registration of property is done by land surveyor while preparing new plans for the building the theme parks in Mauritius. The process of registration is long therefore Disney land must have the hold on this aspect for late construction of their theme parks (Horkoff et al. 2014). Getting Investors and credit For getting finance from different types of renowned finance companies in Mauritius by a foreign company is difficult compared to a domestic company. Although, it can be said that, there are no private bureau of providing finance to these foreign companies. Getting credit by Disney can be a difficult task from the International Finance Corporation and World Bank. Trading Across Borders International trade In Mauritius is a crucial component of its different business procedure as an island economy (Dai et al. 2014). Tax Payment Rates of taxes in Mauritius are very competitive in nature. Rather in some circumstances, it can be burdensome. Taxes sometimes fluctuate in the different situations that affect the profitability of the business in the country. Culture The government of Mauritius considers formal business relations. Instead of making friendly relation with companies, business relations are more prioritized. The culture of using brochures, business cards, price lists are important while attending a formal meeting with the organizations of Mauritius (Morgan and Morphis 2017). 2.Financing There are many types of sources of financing that business corporations use while expanding the business in a country. The sources of financing are described in the following: Angel Equity Business expansion can be done by selling the ownership stake while starting to find a reputed industry that is willing to provide the amount for the business expansion of the country and credibility with potential investors (Cassar, Ittner and Cavalluzzo 2015). Smart Leases Smart lease is defined as the process of leasing the companys fixed assets while conserving cash for the working capital for an unproven business. Bank Loans It is the most common form of providing loans for the company. Banks of Mauritius will provide various types of loans such as long term financing, short term financing, mid term financing. It includes real estate, equipment and working capital. Banks usually seek assurance of personal assets and mortgages as a proof of recovering the loan (Bruton et al. 2015). State and local Economic Development Organizations Disney can approach to economic and state developing organizations that will charge a considerable low interest apart from lending money alongside a bank. Customers Disney Land can also collect funds for its expansion in Mauritius from the customers itself. Disney while expanding their branches in Mauritius can do advance payment from the customers. This strategy will help the company in growing faster with various limited resources (Achleitner et al. 2016). 3.Marketing Marketing of Disney Land is consisted of many types of marketing strategy, such as user generated marketing strategy, digital marketing strategy, marketing mix, etc. Republic of Mauritius is a country that has many opportunities such as good location, multilingual multicultural, strong economy, less humid weather, easily accessible transport facility, availability of various types of tourist destinations, etc. All these favourable conditions are utilized by Disney Land in order to formulate strategies of marketing and other operations of business in the country (Huang and Sarigll 2014). The facilities that are located for the expansion of Disney land in Mauritius are stable political situation, facilities, flow of tourists, great location, population, language, weather, etc. User generated Marketing Strategies of Disney Land Theme parks of Disney Land implement user generated marketing campaign, which runs on web, television and in the park itself. It includes different types of photos and videos of the visitors and travellers of the theme park. This strategy includes the participation of the customers and travellers in the marketing strategy of the company. This marketing campaign helps in posting snapshots, home videos, of the travellers to the park while sharing their experience in the website, print media, online communication and the big screen television present within the theme park. The marketing campaign of the Disney Land is known as let the memories begin where participants can post messages, photos, and various other updates and information related to Disneyland both on traditional media and digital media (Mullin, Hardy and Sutton 2014). The online components of the marketing campaign are used in the commercials used in television that are created in the social media campaigns. The functional ity is now a part of the social media channels such as MySpace, YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, etc. Market research is conducted by the company in Mauritius for formulating content of the advertising in traditional and digital media (Leonidou et al. 2013). The user generated marketing strategy also helps in understanding the consumer behaviour of the population of Mauritius. It will finally help in formulating the marketing mix for the theme park in Mauritius. Service Marketing Mix of Disney Land Product: The product in the marketing mix in this context is the theme park of Walt Disney i.e. Disney Land. This is considered as the most profitable theme park of Walt Disney with many features added in it. In the park, all characters created by Walt Disney are visible in the park. The theme park has different rides, which is responsible for creating experience for the visitors (Mintz and Currim 2013). Price: Price strategy adopted by Disney Land is not targeted by the target population of high-income group people. Hence, it can be said that the tickets of Disney Land in Mauritius is not too low or not too high so that middle income group people can afford it and can visit it frequently. There are merchandises available in the theme parks which are also affordable for the visitors of the park. The prices of these merchandises are kept competitive in nature for the increase of revenue of the company from the target customers of Mauritius. Place: It can be seen that Disney Land is present in many parts of the world. In this context, the place of Disney Land is Mauritius (Babin and Zikmund 2015). Promotion: Disney Land in Mauritius can adopt various types of user-generated promotions, traditional media campaigns and digital media campaigns for attracting target customers of Mauritius. The aim of doing promotions of Disney Land is to create the awareness of the different features and services available in the theme park of Mauritius. People: People who are present in the theme parks are humble and polite in nature. They are known to provide excellent customer service in order to push sell of different services of the theme park. The company will train the employees in a way so that the employees can incorporate the culture of Disney to the visitors. This will help in the word of mouth promotion of the Disney Land in Mauritius. Physical evidence: Many taglines are present in the theme park that is attractive to the visitors of the theme park. There are different types of small things that Disney Land can do for the visitors so that they can create a happy memory in their life and can visit the place (Kotler et al. 2015). 4.Legal Systems Legal system of Mauritius includes a detailed overview of the currency regulations, foreign investment, currency regulations, business vehicles, incentives, liabilities, relevant restrictions, etc. Mauritius is known to have a hybrid legal system that consists of both common and civil law practices. The legal system of the country is derived from the British Common Law and Napoleonic code. In terms of foreign investment, it can be said that there are no such restrictions for foreign direct investments in Mauritius. Disney Land will find no restrictions in doing business in Mauritius, as the jurisdictions of the country are not too much restricted. Product specific restrictions are there in some cases (Chang 2016). In the perspective of currency regulations, there are no exchange controls. For repatriation of dividends, profits and capital gains, no approval is required. Other legal systems include income tax rate and flat corporate tax of 15%, no tax on any dividend, no capital gains tax, free repatriation of capital, dividends and profits, direct incentives of cash for the employers in the perspective of training and recruiting, exemption from the customs duty on the equipment, etc. These are the legal aspects that Disney will face while doing business in Mauritius. Apart from that, it can be said that there are many other trade laws, consumer protection laws, local trade laws that can affect the business operations of the company in Mauritius. While entering in a country, the company must abide by the laws and regulations of the country in order to continue with the business in the country. However, the legal department of the Disney Land must have the capabilities in mitigating the issues of the different sets of regulations in Mauritius (Cassar, Ittner and Cavalluzzo 2015). It can be said that the legal systems might not create any vital issues in the expansion process of the company in Mauritius. Cultural Inclusion Cultural inclusion is the most important aspect that companies must follow while doing business operations in a country. The strategic management department of the company must accomplish the culture of the company as well as the culture of the operating country. Diversity and multiculturalism are the features that Disney Land maintains within the company in order to create a pleasing environment for the employees to work. As it is a multinational company, hence there will be many employees that will belong from a separate country. Policies of cultural inclusion and diversity are same in all the departments of the corporate offices present in the different countries of the world (Rice 2015). Disney Land is a company that is known for having high corporate and cultural values. It can be said that the creativity of the company comes from the talents from the employees of diverse backgrounds. The cultural diversity within the company is maintained in a way so that the employees can work in a group without any problem. It is a inclusive company that maintains a diversity and culture that recognized the commitment of the company while creating the culture of diversity and inclusion within the company. The employees of Disney Land are termed as tourism professionals, achievers, dreamers and designers from different parts of the world. The policies for diversity include gender equality as well as fair policies for all categories of people (Pieterse, Van Knippenberg and Van Dierendonck 2013). The social policy of the company is the major aspect of the policies and regulations of the company in terms of professional gender equality. It is seen that almost 48% of the employees are women and 52% of employees are men. Therefore, Disney Land will also maintain the gender equality in the corporate office of Mauritius. Disney also has a university that is focused on providing training and developmental approaches to the employees of the company. There are mobility in terms of training and career growth of the employees who are working with the company. It is a positive approach of the company in order to develop skills for the employees for serving customers in a better way. The company must recruit employees from Mauritius in order to understand the consumer behaviour of the people residing in Mauritius. The strategies will be made on behalf of the purchasing decision of the consumers of Mauritius. The university run by Disney are focused in providing the knowledge about the corporate culture of the company (Brunow and Blien 2014). It is because the cultural facts will ultimately help in mixing the employees of the Mauritius with the employees with the other employees of other countries. The skills and capabilities of the employees will help in providing an improved customer service to the visitors of the theme park in Mauritius. It can be said that Disney Land has a unique corporate culture that can be found in terms of ta lent, enthusiasm and dedication of the employees. The international workforce of the company along with the interesting and unique products and service of Disney have a diverse corporate culture are known for their group cohesiveness (Suedekum, Wolf and Blien 2014). There are many facts about the company that will be mentioned below which will prove that Disney Land must ensure cultural inclusion in the expansion of its branches in Mauritius. Disney employs more than 100 nationalities More than 20 languages are spoken 80% of managers of different managers irrespective of their nationalities are promoted internally Cultural aspect of Mauritius are also taken into considerations Apart from that, Disney Land Mauritius must formulate strategies related to multiculturalism and diversity that will ensure a meaningful experience of work culture to the employees so that they can satisfy the needs and demands of the consumers of Mauritius (Bellini et al. 2013). Sustainability The issue of sustainability is a vital aspect that every company being multinational or a domestic company are focusing in order to sustain in the competitive business world. The market for Disney is also competitive in nature. Many theme parks are direct competitors to the company that are responsible for increased brand awareness, brand image and target customers in the target market. Sustainability is the issue that is maintained in every aspect of the strategy formulation. Apart from companies, the consumers across the different parts of the world are focused on the different aspects of sustainability that the enterprises are taking for saving the resources of the environment (Tollin, Christensen and Wilke 2015). The environmental aspect is a vital concern and responsibility for all the consumers and the customers in the target market. Sustainability of the company encompasses activities that not only focuses on the environmental aspects but also to the basic human rights of the employees associated with the company. Disney is a multinational company and is known for maintaining approaches of sustainability for the company in order to create a positive image of the brand all over the world. Being it is the target market of Mauritius, Disney is successful in meeting the expectations of the consumers all over the world. Due to various ranges of products, Disney manages to earn high brand recognition in the world. It is due to the sustainable approaches taken by Disney Land in different parts of the world. Disney Land in Mauritius will be committed to utilize the maximum resources from renewable sources of energy compared to non-renewable sources of energy (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). The company will use technologies that will maintain approaches of sustainability in the environmental consumption of the company. Apart from that, it can be said that there are many rules set by the government of Mauritius that Disney Land must have to abide by in order to cont inue with the business operations in Mauritius. The environmental protection approaches along with internal business strategies must contain the elements of sustainability in them in order to attract the consumers of Mauritius to their theme park (Cullen 2016). It can be said that Disney Land must incorporate sustainability approaches in different sectors such as waste, energy, water, greenhouse gas emissions, inspiration, eating and related products, ecosystems, etc. In terms of waste management, Disney Land is involved in recycling into different types of waste management programs that will help in less pollution of environment. The opportunities for the recycling are different in terms of the process adopted by the company in different country of operation. The recycling procedures will use the technologies that are feasible in the country of Mauritius. The waste management include packaging, wastage and wrapping (Werbach 2013). Disney Land must focus on the manufacture of parks that will emphasize the methods and approaches of consumption of water in terms of drinking. Apart from that, the technical improvements of the water consumption, follow up of the strategies of water quality and behavioural changes can be implemented in the susta inable approaches of water consumption. In terms of energy preservation, Disney Land can use maximum input from solar and wind energy compared to other non-renewable sources of energy. The sustainable solutions are to be formulated in order to preserve the fossil fuels of the earth. Greenhouse gases are the poisonous gases that emits on burning of fossil fuels and are the reason of global warming (Schaltegger, Hansen and Ldeke-Freund 2016). The responsibility of the company lies on the fact that the companies must emit less greenhouse gas from their different branches of operations. In terms of related products, Disney Land Mauritius must implement processes that can introduce the ecological footprint of the company by maintaining sustainability in the perspective of manufacturing and packaging. Disney Mauritius can focus on the different aspects of promoting their services and products to the target customers of Mauritius. There are many corporate social responsibility approaches t hat Disney practice in other countries in order to increase their brand image (Beckmann, Hielscher and Pies 2014). In Mauritius, these approaches can be implemented by effective customization regarding the nature of the consumers of Mauritius in order to create a brand image in the minds of the Mauritius customers. Conclusion: The Disney Land in Mauritius will be able to earn substantial profit if the scoping areas described in the study are followed and prioritized in a proper way. The scoping areas include different factors of risks that Disney may face while entering Mauritius for the business expansion. Apart from that, the hybrid nature of the legal systems of Mauritius are explained properly so that the company can mitigate the issues that will be faced in the expansion policy. The issue of sustainability is mentioned and explained elaborately so that the company can improve their brand image as well as the factors that the company can practice in Mauritius for maintaining sustainability. However, the marketing approaches that Disney can apply in promoting their theme park in Mauritius are described in the perspective of the external market analysis of Mauritius. Focus on user generated marketing will be provided by the company in order to attract more customers to the theme park. The source of finan cing that are mentioned earlier are the possible sources of finance that Disney can use in their business expansion in Mauritius. References: Achleitner, A.K., Braun, R., Metzger, G. and Schmidt, M., 2016. The impact of the financial crisis on financing technology ventures.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,29(1), pp.4-24. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S. and Pies, I., 2014. Commitment Strategies for Sustainability: How Business Firms Can Transform Trade?Offs Into WinWin Outcomes.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.18-37. Bellini, E., Ottaviano, G.I., Pinelli, D. and Prarolo, G., 2013. Cultural diversity and economic performance: evidence from European regions. InGeography, institutions and regional economic performance(pp. 121-141). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Brunow, S. and Blien, U., 2014. Effects of cultural diversity on individual establishments.International Journal of Manpower,35(1/2), pp.166-186. Bruton, G., Khavul, S., Siegel, D. and Wright, M., 2015. New financial alternatives in seeding entrepreneurship: Microfinance, crowdfunding, and peer?to?peer innovations.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,39(1), pp.9-26. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Cassar, G., Ittner, C.D. and Cavalluzzo, K.S., 2015. Alternative information sources and information asymmetry reduction: Evidence from small business debt.Journal of Accounting and Economics,59(2), pp.242-263. Chang, S.J., 2016. Sustainable Evolution for Global Business: A Synthetic Review of the Literature.Journal of Management and Sustainability,6(1), p.1. Cullen, J.G., 2016. Educating Business Students About Sustainability: A Bibliometric Review of Current Trends and Research Needs.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-11. Dai, L., Maksimov, V., Gilbert, B.A. and Fernhaber, S.A., 2014. Entrepreneurial orientation and international scope: The differential roles of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking.Journal of Business Venturing,29(4), pp.511-524. Horkoff, J., Barone, D., Jiang, L., Yu, E., Amyot, D., Borgida, A. and Mylopoulos, J., 2014. Strategic business modeling: representation and reasoning.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), pp.1015-1041. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Leonidou, C.N., Katsikeas, C.S. and Morgan, N.A., 2013. Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(2), pp.151-170. Mintz, O. and Currim, I.S., 2013. What drives managerial use of marketing and financial metrics and does metric use affect performance of marketing-mix activities?.Journal of Marketing,77(2), pp.17-40. Morgan, J.Q. and Morphis, C., 2017. Defining success in business retention and expansion: What do economic development organizations measure and why?.Community Development, pp.1-18. Mullin, B.J., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W., 2014.Sport Marketing 4th Edition. Human Kinetics. Nguyen, T.H., Newby, M. and Macaulay, M.J., 2015. Information technology adoption in small business: Confirmation of a proposed framework.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), pp.207-227. Pieterse, A.N., Van Knippenberg, D. and Van Dierendonck, D., 2013. Cultural diversity and team performance: The role of team member goal orientation.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), pp.782-804. Rice, M.F., 2015.Diversity and public administration. ME Sharpe. Schaltegger, S., Hansen, E.G. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2016. Business models for sustainability: Origins, present research, and future avenues. Suedekum, J., Wolf, K. and Blien, U., 2014. Cultural diversity and local labour markets.Regional Studies,48(1), pp.173-191. Tollin, K., Christensen, L.B. and Wilke, R., 2015. Sustainability in business from a marketing perspective.Journal of Strategic Marketing,23(6), pp.471-496. Werbach, A., 2013.Strategy for sustainability: A business manifesto. Harvard Business Press.

Pop Music Art or Noise free essay sample

They sometimes call t generation gap, but its not. Its just a matter of familiarity and preference. Pop music is not necessarily a taboo for the old generation. They love pop music too. Endurance of loud sounds to the sensitive auditory nerves of older people makes the difference in preference. But understanding can patch up the difference. Lowering the volume of sounds can make a big difference in respect to the Older people. Pop music is definitely not a noise. It is a very expressive means to bring happiness, sadness, fear and hopes.It may pass many changes in tempo, rhythm and beat but the soul in every pop song will always be there. This is the most artful and most beautiful way of bringing out the innermost feelings of a persons mind and body. It releases the exuberant energies of the youth for so to have a clear mind, away from drugs and far from emotional breakdown. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music : Art or Noise or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pop music have so much liveliness, its not a dragged. Can you imagine the life of a highly unrighteousness in the music of Mozart, Stern and Portrait?Yes, this is an artistic classical type of music but it does not match the rhythm of a youngster pulse. If music will be dragged than life would be lifeless. Pop music is definitely an art. An art shows lifes beauty. As the saying goes, Beauty depends on the eye of the beholder. Everything in this world is artfully made by our creator. Acceptance is only the key word. Pop music is the fastest medium of communication around the corners of the world. We may belong to different cultures but in song it will make a difference.It gives ay and fulfillments and conveys message of love and peace to the world. For some, pop music is not their type. The elite usually prefers classical music. Pop music is for the masses , old and young, rich and poor because it truly brings out the true facets of life in this world we live in. Over the course of the 20th century, musical styles came and went but some stuck around. Disco maybe dead but pop music is an art that is here to stay.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Rhetorical Analysis Paper Rhetorical Analysis Paper Essay Topic: A Woman Killed With Kindness Cole Richardson Professor Bedwell English 1321 10 11 October 2011 Rhetorical Analysis Essay 2 We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story, written by Sallie Tisdale, was first published in 1990 by October’s edition of Harper’s Magazine. Tisdale was motivated to write this article because she is an American nurse and essayist. She is a writer on health and medical issues and anything in between. The purpose of this article is to inform the readers on how often abortion is called upon, along with the thoughts of these young women and children having them done. I would say the audience of this article is a well-educated, middle class people, because some of the vocabulary can be a little difficult at times. We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story, by Sallie Tisdale, makes both an effective, and ineffective argument. Tisdale makes her article effective because she uses impelling illustrations to explain how rapid abortions are done, but she also explains in great detail how painful the process is and what it is like. Although she uses great illustrations her argument is ineffective because her writing and thoughts are unclear, therefore making the way she thinks confusing. Once I realized that throwing tantrums made my mom take my favorite toy, I got the concept of good behavior. I admit it is a work in progress because some children do not get it the first time but it does get easier and better. Talking to a child is important as well as discipline. When a child misbehaves, sitting her down and talking to her is also another good method of teaching discipline. It is not like taking privileges or using timeout, but it can definitely work on children. In the article Talk it Out Works Better than Timeout, Mari-Jane Williams explains that youre missing an opportunity to sit down and say to your kids, how well did that work for you? She also mentions self-assessment and how it is more important to a childs mental and emotional health. In my opinion, as the aunt of three nephews and four nieces, talking to the misbehaving child can work and be a positive experience for both the parent and the child. It gives the parent a chance to tell the chil d that his actions are unacceptable and that he can no longer continue to behave in that manner. In my own experience, it is harder to use the alking method with my nephews, but a lot easier with my nieces. I feel it may be harder for a parent to talk to boys because they tend to be more stubborn than girls. Although boys react differently, parents should still talk to them as they talk to girls. Physical punishment, I feel, is Just as effective as any other discipline method. Spanking a child is more of a last resort when he/she is misbehaving. As I stated earlier in the essay, I threw temper tantrums when I did not get what I wanted and my mother took away privileges. That method was not always effective with me, and I nded up getting multiple spankings. In the article The Real Spanking Debate John Hoffman says that mfou could show me an impeccable study that proves beyond a shadow of doubt that a good and proper mild spanking doesnt harm kids. I completely agree with this statement because I experienced plenty of spankings and I am perfectly fine and well behaved with no discipline or anger problems. In conclusion, disciplining your child is very effective but, it depends on how consistent parents are with doing so. Timeouts, taking away privileges, talking, and pankings are all ways that I feel are effective ways of turning a disobedient child into a well behaved child who follows the rules. All of my experiences with disciplining and being disciplined have been effective, if not with all the methods, at least with one of them. When I become a parent I will use these same methods for my children. Hopefully as a mom I will not go through what my mom went through with me, maybe it will be easier. Work Cited Williams, Mari Jane. Talk-lt-out Works better than timeout. Washington Post 3 Oct. 2013. Opposing viewpoints in context. Web. 13 Nov. 2013

M7A1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M7A1 - Essay Example Underlying concept of initial investment includes cash outlay, working capital, salvage value and tax implications. The factors that are involved with the initial investment are; purchase price, cash from the sales of old equipment, marginal income tax, increase in working capital, cost of shipping and installation of new equipment. The factors that are involved with the operating cash flows are; sales revenue, cost of production, income before taxes, marginal tax rate, depreciation, increase in working capital. The factors that are involved in terminal cash flow are; decrease in working capital, salvage value, marginal income tax rate. The criteria capital budgeting includes (1) cost of capital, (2) opportunity cost, and break-even point. Cost of capital determines the cost of borrowing to pay for the project. This value set the benchmark for the lowest possible return. This benchmark shows if the investment is worth with compare to other investments. Opportunity cost determines the cost for taking advantage of one option over another. Break-even point determines if the project would contribute to the growth of the company. Break even is the point at which sales equals cost. Break-even point involves determining fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are values that do not depend on production quantity. These costs are like, rent, salary, insurance, etc. Most of the variable costs, are associated with raw material, utility and transportation. Capital budgeting techniques are explicit formulas for analysis of financial values that determine if a company should proceed with the planned investment or not. Some of them are (â€Å" Investment decision – Capital Budgeting† ) Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback methods. All three methods use Operating Cash Flow (OCF) values. The OCF evaluates net cash flow for each year of project operation. The

Visual Arts Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Arts Project - Essay Example She was portrayed with her face in profile as she studied her hands, which were covered by the folds of the skirt of her white Victorian styled gown. I wondered if she might have had a quarrel with her lover. Above her head, to the right, was a golden mellow rose that made me think this even more. It created in me a mood of sadness, making me recall my own experiences with lost love. As I became more affected by the painting, I wanted to know more about its creator! While studying the life of Hassam, I learned that the piece is considered one of his best works of art and that he had chosen as an alternate title to the piece, Beethoven's "Appassionato" sonata. (2) It appeared to me that, like Beethoven, he must have had feelings of great passion to be able to create the mood of The Sonata. For me, the subtleness of that passion was further emphasized by Hassam's use of a blend of colors to create a golden gilded hue. The painting is highlighted by this color blend in the colors of the rose, the woman's hair, and in other spots throughout the painting. In contrast to this is the pure whiteness of the Victorian styled gown that the woman wears. Hassam also called attention to the subtle meaning of the painting with the use of indirect line. Using and almost S-shape to emphasis the focal point of the painting-the woman, he draws the eyes of the beholder of the painting, from the rose into the woman's face and down to her hands. The artist was from New England and learned the techniques of the impressionists while studying in Paris. While he, later, became more involved in modernistic landscapes and patriotic scenes of America, the influence of the impressionists never escaped his work. The painting is considered one of Hassams's best works. Like the first artists of impressionism, Hassam has captured natural light and luminosity in the painting with the use of numberless short choppy strokes of paint. Unlike Claude Monet, the father of impressionism, and his early followers, Hassam's Sonata is too academic to be defined strictly as an impressionist work. Instead, the artist has defined his subject and the meaning of the painting as delicately as did the Flemish painters with their strict adherence to detail. The great exception to their rules would be the flatness of The Sonata as compared to the depth to be found in their paintings. A painting such as the Sonata draws one into an imaginary space, while a sculpture calls its viewer to experience it physically. The atmospheric perspective techniques used to create depth in a paintings or not available to sculptures. In paintings, something is added, with sculptures, something is subtracted. Sculptures are devoid of the softness that many paintings possess. While requiring the same talents and skills as that of painters to effect greatness in their creations, sculptures are limited in their abilities to tease our imagination. The use of colors and values is also less, because of this, paintings are more complex. The Sonata is a good example of this, like the Mona Lisa, she invites us, not only to wonder, but also to participate in her mystery. References Frederick Childe Hassam (1859-1935), 1893, oil on canvas, 32 x 32, Bequest of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Atha, Collection of the Nelson-Atkins Museum. The Nelson Gallery Foundation, d.b.a. The Nelson-Atkins M

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Business Ethics - Essay Example In this perspective, there is a moral responsibility for multinational corporations in selling Starbucks in Forbidden City. To begin with, the every individual has a fundamental right to maintain and preserve a culture (Kent, 2010). The people of Forbidden city thus have the same right and consequently expect this right to be respected by other individuals and corporations that venture into their city. Multinational corporations are consequently obliged to respect this right to cultural preservation. Business practices that harm this right would be considered as a violation of this fundamental right of the Chinese in cultural preservation and thus will be unwelcome. From a normative perspective, multinational corporations as a result have a responsibility in observing this right in respect for Chinese culture. Secondly, there is the need for consideration of beneficial business practices to both parties that would result in happiness for both, as utilitarianism states for the purposes of coexistence (Kent, 2010). Since multinational businesses make intrusions into societies’ environments, it is important that they consider what would be of great benefit to both parties. Selling Starbucks in this area is obviously not beneficial to both parties since there has been creation of conflict. In order to create a practice that would be beneficial to both corporations and society, it is imperative that consideration of this decision be made since selling the firm as it does not bring happiness to both parties. Thirdly, great moral philosophers argued before that major principles of moral philosophy demand both parties to be equal such that none should take advantage of the other. When making a decision to sell Starbucks in Forbidden City, multinational corporations should consider the effect of their actions on Chinese culture. If

Discourse Analysis on Psychological Knowledge Production

Discourse Analysis on Psychological Knowledge Production Putting Critical Psychology into Practice: A discourse analysis of the production of psychological knowledge; How I live with schizophrenia interview by STELLA BREEZE, Daily Mail 4th November 2003 In this assignment an article featured in the Daily Mail newspaper on the 4th of December 2003 was chosen to be analysed by way of discourse analysis. The article concerned an account of a scientific researchers coming to terms with a mental illness. Diagnosed with Schizophrenia, the individual giving her account elaborated upon what her condition meant to her, how it had been present in her history and who and how others involved in her life had helped her to cope with it. An attempt was made to draw out her perception of this reality inherent to her account, whilst applying it to an established school of psychological knowledge. A critical examination was undergone by way of comparison of her accounted reality and an epistemological model of psychological knowledge. The chosen school of psychological knowledge in this analysis was social constructionism. According to theorists, Social constructionism is based upon the fracture of modernist ideas such as objectivity, rationality and truth (Burr, 1995). It belongs primarily to post-modern thinking and is concerned with how realities are constructed by the subject. It is an epistemology that is heavily concerned with three main principles: the principle of construction, the principle of social and the principle of language (Burr, 1998). It is believed that the individual must construct a reality and live and think within that construction. It is believed that unlike traditional constructivism that the construct is informed and perceived by the locality and proximity of the individual to their society. Furthermore, the construct, in relation to its society, can be understood through the language of that society’s culture. Language is believed to represent what is understood within the language but not what is outside of the language itself (Cromby et al, 1999). That is to say, tha t the language represents a reality reflected by societal values and shared understanding rather than something that exists extrinsically. Essentially, social constructionism is concerned with the usefulness of theories, ideas and points of view contained within someone’s language construct in relation to the power that it ordains certain groups and the action that it gives to the functioning of the people within those groups. Essentially, the psychology of an individual is seen as being immersed within the locality of their culture and cannot have their mind removed from this subjective reality. From a psychological perspective, given the qualitative nature of social constructionism, its use of discourse analysis, its rejection of quantitative methods and objectivity, truth and rationality to gather defining data, it was decided that discourse analysis was the best thing to suit this epistemological analysis. The tendency with social constructionism is to draw out the locali sed meaning of an individual’s account. Or as the social contructionist and analyst Megan points out ‘It is human interchange that gives language its capacity to mean and it must stand as the critical locus of concern’ (Megan, 1994). It is with this in mind, that an analysis was undergone. In the account we see that the person involved has used her scientific definitions and knowledge of schizophrenia to identify her condition. In her account she continually uses the language and construct of scientific rationality to objectify her experience and construct a reality in keeping with that perceived in the psychological domain. For instance, she accounts for her being schizophrenic as different from the norm throughout the accounts of her past. She explains that it became prevalent to her in her first year at university but was easily dismissed due to the culture of the time. She emphasises the importance of social recognition, suggesting that in her teens her different behaviour was not recognised as the culture of the time was understood as having ‘bizarre’ expression (Breeze, 2003). In this we can see that she is indicating to us that she felt bound by social convention, in that it was hard to establish at the time that she was mentally ill (schizophrenic) . However, now she perceives it as such, as the established scientific rational of her current position allows her to interpret her behaviour of that time as such. This is perhaps why she defines herself as a long term schizophrenic and indicates a strong identity with being a sufferer with that condition, which ultimately forms the basic premise for her reality construct. She strengthens this idea of scientific rationality when she empowers herself with the ability to determine her condition. For instance, she states that ‘reluctantly, I agreed to see a psychiatrist on campus and persuaded him that I was OK. I was asked if I had been hearing voices or ever felt I was in a different world, but I just lied and said I was fine. I wasnt diagnosed with schizophrenia for another six years’ (Breeze, 2003). In this we see that she determines that the Doctor’s description of a split world outside of the one defined by the scientific social norm, is true. Whilst acknowled ging that this is the truth she establishes that her denial of these symptoms as lies to avoid being identified as mentally ill. This shows that she is rationalising by splitting her experiential life into that of a normal and objective reality and a confused and subjective sureality as is often prescribed by the reasoning of society and scientific discourse when concerned with behaviours outside of the norm (Bandura, 1986). Having established a real world of socially defined normal behaviour and a foiled world of surreality and madness that defines the schizophrenic stereotype, we see how she comes to terms with the people around her. In her acceptance of the condition and the two worlds as one she states that ‘it was then that it really hit me and I had to deal with everything that goes with the label. Schizophrenia is such a powerful word. I could no longer deny that I had a serious and chronic mental illness’ (Breeze, 2003). We can see here that she is taking into account the discourse of schizophrenia and the stereotypes and social stigma (ignorance) that go with it. She acknowledges that because now her condition has been given a word and therefore set in language, she can no longer deny it. It is not so much the inability to deny having the condition itself, as she clearly identified from a young age that she did have a difference to the perceived norm, but the inability to deny the s ocially constructed idea of schizophrenia that pertains to language and discourse. At this point she goes onto explain the reality of living with her condition in terms of social impact. She states that she ’didnt tell my parents for another two years after I was diagnosed. When I finally did, I said I had mental health problems. They were shocked and worried at first, but have been very supportive, as have my brother and sister’ (Breeze, 2003). Furthermore, she outlines the further reaching social reality that sufferers of the condition must endure. She suggests that ’getting a job is the most difficult thing for sufferers. Id prefer to get in front of people and show them never be dishonest about it, but theres the fear that your CV will automatically be binned if they know’ (Breeze, 2003). This fear of alienation from social normality is heightened with her notion that ’maybe they assume youre going to be unreliable or will take a lot of time of f sick. A lot of people deal with the illness by denial its just that this is an illness’. Here she clearly identifies herself (and any other sufferer) as needing to confront the reality of schizophrenia. But what is the reality of this schizophrenia? Turning to her ‘utterances’ and their significance may give a better indication (Aitchison, 2005, p.42). Through her usage of the words ‘need’ and ‘denial’ whilst determining the action she deems required to facilitate her condition we can see that she is detaching her schizophrenia from her reality construct once again. She has determined that those around her have sympathy and compassion for her condition, like that understood in the research of familial constructs (Robert, 1951). However, we also see the suspicion of the wider reaching social bonds where the ideas of sympathy and compassion are not so commonly found. In these accounts we see that she does not necessarily identify her sc hizophrenia as a part of her reality, but that it is a mental illness that she has to compensate for. Having established the history of her condition and coming to terms with being identified as a person with a schizophrenic condition, she then talks of the reality of her condition, diagnosing it and accounting for it in terms of symptoms. This forms the reality of her schizophrenia in terms of symptoms and episodes; of potentially damaging and unsociable behaviour that need to be alleviated. The focus is put on the need to alleviate these symptoms, much like that of a cold, so that she can operate and function in accordance to social and cultural norms. In this definition of her experiences we see that she spends little time entertaining any notions of significance or attempts to construct meaning for the voices in her head in any way whatsoever. Other than them being defined as a symptom and ultimately a nuisance, she gives them no regard in her account. For instance, she explains that ‘Ive also learnt to be better at spotting the signs. I stop things getting out of hand by t rying to get enough rest and relaxation. I also avoid anything that may exacerbate the symptoms, such as drinking alcohol, watching TV which sends me messages and going out in large groups‘(Breeze, 2003). This certainly indicates that her treatment of this condition is not dissimilar to that of a socially unwanted vice. Furthermore, we can see that she will take social sacrifices due to the idea and significance that she impinges upon these symptoms as indicators of madness within her socially constructed reality. She seems to place a responsibility of the removal of her perceived madness for the benefit of normal society at the heart of her account. This discourse of madness or surreal otherness is at the heart of the socially constructed ideology of sane and is clearly the thing that she fears to enter into. As the post modern critic Roland Bartes puts it, ’Imagine someone who abolishes within himself all barriers, all classes, all exclusions, not by syncretism but by simple discard of that old spectre: logical contradiction; who mixes every language, even those said to be incompatible; who silently accepts every charge of illogicality, of incongruity; who remains passive in the face of Socratic irony (leading the interlocutor to the supreme disgrace: self-contradiction) and legal terrorism (how much penal evidence is based on a psychology of consistency!). Such a man would be the mockery of our society: court, school, asylum, polite conversation would cast him out: who endures contradiction without shame? Now this anti-hero exists: he is the reader of the text at the moment he takes his pleasure.’ (Bartes, 1975, p.3) With this statement we can see how Bartes highlights the strength of social construction as an informer of the way in which we objectify knowledge so that we can perceive things as sane and insane from the perspective of language. Clearly challenging and indicating the flaw in ’Cartesian’ scientific rationality as the governor of what is sane and insane, he suggests that someone who challenges this and essentially sees outside of their localised knowledge construct and its discourse of a socially governed language would be made a mockery of by that society. He even refers to this in terms of conversation, which is what is referred to directly in the account. This is clearly the biggest fear present in the account and central to the person’s definition of her condition in terms of understanding, rationalising and formation of a reality construct. She is essentially using what Homi Bhabha, a post-colonial critic and cynic of established schools of psychological tho ught, particularly in the West, refers to as the technique of applying a ’localised cultural’ definition of her condition and applying it to an illusory ’universal’ truth (Bhabha, 1994, p,62). Essentially, her reality is that her condition is an insane or ’mad’ other that is signified in accordance to the socially constructed sane that is represented in her localised bi-polar language system. The role of ‘agency’ also plays a significant part in her account (Smith, 2001, P.2). On highlighting a very clear socially defined split between what is sane behaviour and what is insane behaviour, she suggests that although not wanting to, she feels relief when she enters the hospital. On craving a perceived agency prevalent in her accordance to the principles of scientific rationality, she feels calm at the removal from society so that she no longer needs to actively suppress and be conscious of the onset of the insane other. She tells us that, ‘Finding it hard to trust your own judgment is part and parcel of the illness. For instance, if there was a noise outside that I couldnt account for I might think it was the voices, so sometimes Id ask Mike or a friend: Is that real? Its still not perfect and I still go in and out of hospital. I hate going doing it, but once I am there, there is a feeling of relief.’ (Breeze, 2003) During this account we can see that she again makes no indication as to what the meanings of her voices are or what they may signify. Instead she focuses upon them in terms of unwanted symptoms. We can see that she has removed agency away from a coming to terms with her disease in a personal manner and toward a constant and vigilant guardianship over her perceived sanity. It would seem that with her being taken into hospital her account ends and she does not extrapolate on any of the findings or experiences within the hospital, as if the committing of herself to hospital brings closure to her discourse. Essentially, that her madness and insanity that bears no significance in her discourse of rationality and sanity has no place in the scientifically established social construction of knowledge. In this she indicates that she has become a patient to her condition, rather than a polemic agent to the condition, which brings her much needed relief. It is not so much that her symptoms are being alleviated, but that her symptoms are being taken away from societal knowledge and its rational discourse of the sane. In her conclusion we see how she perceives the stereotypes of schizophrenia as madness. Trying to steer away from the demonisation of schizophrenics that she feels is perpetuated by the media and other sources of social informants she suggests that, ‘The perception of people with schizophrenia still hasnt gone away. On the whole, people with schizophrenia are not violent. Obviously it happens because you read stories about it, but people with schizophrenia are more likely to harm themselves than anyone else.’ (Breeze, 2003) In this concluding account we can see that she is concerned with the image of schizophrenics as an unpredictable and essentially violent group of people. She seems to present herself as a schizophrenic who is rational, in control and above all sane, albeit with a mental illness that can and must be controlled. It would appear that she is trying to appeal to socially constructed definitions and ideas of rationality that can be understood within the culture and language system of English. Entering into a rational discourse that positions the insanity of the schizophrenic as sane, yet subordinate, she succeeds in what De Kaster refers to as ‘The mapping of implicit stories and discourse, that live underground [and] offer opportunities to open a broad discussion, in which the dominant discourse or story can be challenged’ (De Koster et al, 2004). It would appear that she has succeeded in attacking the perception that exists in the socially constructed language of the insane so that ‘alternative paths are being uncovered, choices have to be justified, resulting in an emancipation effect, which, in the long term, can support personal and social changes‘ (De Koster et al, 2004). However, in accordance to the epistemological thought of social constructionism this definition does not necessarily represent a truth. Merely one of many possible truths. Similarly, it is not without critique. Some schools of thought related to social constructionism would argue that this interpretation itself suffers from objectifying her experience (Fry et al, 1997). Others would argue that there is an objective reality from which experience can be measured (Smith, 2000). Although language is a component of ideology and experience can be understood as subjective, there is a physical world whereby experience can be measured. The lengths to which this can be fully drawn out by social constructionism are not as yet established. Bibliography Aitchison, J., (2005) Words of the Mind London: Blackwell Bandura, A,. (1986) Social Foundations of Thought AND Action New Jersey: Prentice Hall Bartes, R,. (1975) The Pleasure of the Text, Canada: Harper Collins. Bhabha, H., (1994) The Location of Culture New York: Routledge Breeze, S., (2003) How I live with schizophrenia London: Daily Mail Burr,V,. (1995) An Introduction to Social Constructionism, London: Routledge. Burr, V. (1998) ‘Overview: realism, relativism, social constructionism and discourse.’ In Parker, I (Ed.) Social Constructionism, Discourse and Realism. London: Sage. Cromby, J Nightingale, D (1999) Social constructionist psychology. London: Sage. De Koster Katerin (2004) Two practices, one perspective, many constructs: on the implications of social constructionism on scientific research and therapy. Taken from: http://www.centroditerapiastrategica.org/journal english 1/Articoli_Inglese/de koster.pdf Fox,D Prilleltensky,I (1997) Critical Psychology: An introduction, London Sage Gregan, K., (1994) An Invitation to Social Constructionism London: Sage Smith, J., (2000) The Psychology of Action London: McMillan Rogers, C., (1951) Client centred therapy Boston: Houghton Mifflin

Marketing Chester Zoo to 16-to-24-year-olds Essay -- Business and Mana

Marketing Chester Zoo to 16-to-24-year-olds At the moment, Chester Zoo is the leading zoo in the country. It is a non-profit organisation and its mission is to support and promote conservation by breeding threatened animals, providing excellent animal welfare, high quality public service, recreation, education and science. Currently, their main source of income is from the admissions (see appendix 2B) Currently, the zoo is facing a marketing problem: The 16-24 year old age group is not visiting the zoo as much as expected to. (See appendix 7B) My task is to analyse the situation and come up with a solution. I shall do this by looking at the marketing strategy of Chester Zoo. Marketing is a continuous process of learning about and understanding a business’ customers and competitors, anticipating their customer needs, providing a suitable product at the right place, with the right price and the right promotion to attract customers. A marketing strategy is a plan that is evaluated carefully, for the future marketing of a business. It takes into account the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, together with the 4P’s (Price, Product, Place and Promotion), with these two areas in mind, a suitable plan is thought out. In this case, Chester Zoo will be looking to improve their marketing strategy to attract and keep more 16-24 year olds. My main research methods will be by: -Going to the zoo and interviewing the staff there. This is for me to judge the level of their service without any bias from other sources. -Consulting a range of sources, which have both primary and secondary evidence, including articles of quality from different media. This will help me see any trends over the years, and hopefully, their weaknesses and strengths. -I will also conduct a survey in form of a questionnaire aimed at 16-24 year olds. This will be to get a better perspective of the situation, to understand the reason behind the low visiting rate by this age group, anticipate their needs, and hopefully as an eye-opener to the solution. -Reading through various news report (related to Chester Zoo) -Reading about / visiting some of Chester Zoo’s key competitors to understand / see how they attract their customers of this age group. -Consulting some relevant business textbooks to further understand and improve my knowledge, especially about m... ...rket was students, so a ‘Student Card’ could be used. But what about the non-students? Some people may feel like their privacy is being intruded upon if they have to prove their age before gaining entrance into a zoo; as a result, they may choose to go elsewhere, and Chester Zoo would lose out. Some forms of identification could be false/ forged without the knowledge of Chester Zoo, and unfair entrance gained. There’s also a potential risk of losing customers from the other sectors, especially if they feel that the zoo has â€Å"changed†- they may lose the familiarity they already have. If Chester Zoo decides to carry out this scheme temporarily, when they revert to their â€Å"usual† fees, there is a chance that this situation will go back to the old problem of the 16-24 year olds not visiting as expected to but they may have retained some of the age group who may be visiting them regularly. As with most ventures, this is risky and daring. In theory, my proposal should work well, and serve to improve Chester Zoo’s marketing strategy. However, in practicality, this may not be the case, and in the end it will be up to Chester Zoo to decide whether or not this proposal is worth executing.

African American and Black People Essay

1 . What issues most concerned black political leaders during Reconstruction? Reconstruction brought important social changes to former slaves. Families that had been separated before and during the Civil War were reunited, and slave marriages were formalized through legally recognized ceremonies. Families also took advantage of the schools established by the Freedmen’s Bureau and the expansion of public education, albeit segregated, under the Reconstruction legislatures. New opportunities for higher education also became available with the founding soon after the Civil War of black colleges, such as Howard University in Washington, D. C. , and Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. The number of African-American churches grew significantly and became social and political centers as well as houses of worship. Black ministers assumed a leadership role in the community and were among the first elected officials. The most fundamental concern of blacks through all of the changes, though, was economic survival. 2. What did black political leaders accomplish and fail to accomplish during Reconstruction? What contributed to their successes and failures? During the decade known as Radical Reconstruction (1867-77), Congress granted African American men the status and rights of citizenship, including the right to vote, as guaranteed by the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U. S. Constitution. During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African Americans held public office, from the local level all the way up to the U. S. Senate, though they never achieved representation in government proportionate to their numbers. 3. Were black political leaders unqualified to hold office so soon after the end of slavery? They were unqualified to hold office soon after the slavery because some of the amendments disqualified blacks. Yes because the amendments prevented blacks to be in the office. 4. To what extent did African Americans dominate southern politics during Reconstruction? Should we refer to this era as â€Å"Black Reconstruction† African Americans dominated the southern politics during Reconstruction because of the debate play a big part in the situation. 5. Why did the Republican Party fail to maintain control of southern state governments during Reconstruction? Because other party had more voters and stronger debates. 6. What was â€Å"redemption†? What happened when redemption occurred? What factors contributed to redemption? The return of an investor’s principal in a fixed income security, such as a preferred stock or bond; or the sale of units in a mutual fund. A redemption occurs, in a fixed income security at par or at a premium price, upon maturity or cancellation by the issuer. Redemptions occur with mutual funds, at the choice of the investor, however limitations by the issuer may exist, such as minimum holding periods. 7. How and why did Reconstruction end? reconstruction ended because of the compromise of 1877. It was an unwritten agreement that stated Hayes would win the presidency, if he were to remove troops from southern states (political).. Reconstruction also failed because many people in the south did not want to accept a life different from what they were used to (social). 8. How effective was Reconstruction in assisting black people to move from slavery to freedom? It was very effective because black people did get a chance to become free. 1 . How were black people prevented from voting despite the Fifteenth Amendment? Many white Americans were upset about the fifteenth amendment so they put fear in the black community by attacking them at the polls and throughout different cities. 2. How did white Americans justify segregation? They had better options than blacks. For example Blacks had to seat in the of the classroom and buses. 3. Why did the South experience an epidemic of violence? and lynching in the late nineteenth century? Because people wanted revenge upon people in the south 4. Why didn’t more black people leave the South in this period? Because they was afraid of what people from the south might do to them. 1. How did the strategies promoted by Booker T. Washington differ from those of W. E. B. Du Bois and the NAACP? Which were more effective? W. E. B Du Bois wanted people to work for the things they wanted. Booker T Washington wanted people to find a trade and work for the stuff they want. W. E. B Du Bois was more effective because the black community wanted to be educated was the can understand things . 2. Assess Washington’s contributions to the advancement of black people? Booker T Washington wanted people to find a trade and work for the stuff they want. 3. How did middle-class and prosperous black people try to contribute to progress for their race? Were their efforts effective? They efforts were effective they seen that it was possible for blacks to advance in life and they wanted to progress. 4. Why did most African Americans support U. S.participation in World War I? Was that support justified? Because they loved their country, and wanted to support their families. 6. Why did many black people leave the South in the 1920s? Why didn’t this migration begin earlier or later? Because they were not being treated fair. 2. What examples of progress could leaders like W. E. B. Du Bois, James Weldon Johnson, A. Philip Randolph, and Marcus Garvey point to in the 1920s? 3. Why did so many African-American leaders reject Marcus Garvey? Because he wanted them to go back to Africa and got close with Ku Klux Klan. 4. How did the black nationalism of the Universal Negro Improvement Association differ from the white nationalism of the Ku Klux Klan? Because they were not violent. 5. What economic opportunities existed for African Americans who had migrated to northern cities? 6. Why did the literary and artistic movement known as the Harlem Renaissance emerge? 7. What was distinctive about black writers, artists, and musicians? Were their creative works essentially a part of American culture or separate from it? 8. Did African Americans have any reason to be optimistic by the late 1 920s? 1 . Why did African Americans abandon their long association with the Republican Party in favor of the Democratic Party? Because African Americans felt like the democratic party share the same beliefs. 2. How did black radicalism influence Roosevelt’s New Deal policies and programs? 3. How did black people respond to and survive the Great Depression? How did the experiences of black women during the Depression reflect their race, class, and gender status? 1 . How did the Great Depression affect black culture? How did the WPA democratize black culture? How did black religious culture change during this era? It rapidly increases and had black support and establish an organization. 2. How did black artists, musicians, filmmakers, and writers negotiate the dilemma of dual consciousness as articulated by Du Bois? They knew that people had to be educated to make their dreams come true. The different talents that they had needed to be shared with the world and the way they could do that is understanding how, why, when and what message will people understand them or they dreams. This provided blacks with the opportunity to shine and show their talented. 3. How did swing-era big band music lead to bebop? What problems did the bebop musicians encounter? They were introduce to beats, It was not catching a lot of people attention. It was a culture change in Chicago and Harlem. The cities started a different age of music. Jazz and hip-hop dancing help create the renaissance in the two areas. 6. Why did black athletes become prominent during the1930s and 1940s? What was their impact on American.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Superstition essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Superstition essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Superstition In the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, there is a lot of superstition. Some examples of superstition in the book are Huck killing a spider which is bad luck, the hairball used to tell fortunes, and the rattlesnake skin Huck touches that brings Huck and Jim good and bad luck. Superstition plays an important role in the book Huck Finn. Huck sees a spider crawling up his shoulder, so he flipped it off and it went into the flame of the candle. Before he could get it out, it was already dead. Huck knew it was a bad sign and it would give him bad luck. Huck got scared and shook his clothes off, and turned in his tracks three times. He then tied a lock of his hair with a thread to keep the witches away. "You do that when you've lost a horseshoe that you've found, instead of nailing it up over the door, but I hadn't ever heard anybody say it was any way to keep of bad luck when you'd killed a spider." Huck sees Pap's footprints in the snow. So Huck goes to Jim to ask him why Pap is here. Jim gets a hairball that is the size of a fist that he took from an ox's stomach. Jim asks the hairball why is Pap here? But the hairball didnt answer. Jim said it needs money, so Huck gives Jim a fake quarter. Jim puts the quarter under the hairball. The hairball talks to Jim and Jim tells Huck that it says. "Yo'ole father doan' know yit what he's a-gwyne to do. Sometimes he spec he'll go 'way, en den ag'in he spec he'll stay. De bes' way is tores' easy en let de ole man take his own way. Dey's two angles hoverin' roun' 'bout him. One uv'em is white en shiny, en t'other one is black. De white one gits him to go right a little while, den de black one sil in en gust it all up. A body can't tell yit which one gwyne to fetch him at de las'. But you is all right. You gwyne to have considable trouble in yo' life, en considable joy. Sometimes you gwyne to git hurt, en sometimes you gwyne to git ...

USS Pensacola essays

USS Pensacola essays My grandfather, who is still alive today, joined the United States Navy in 1944, as a young man. He went through basic training at Great Lakes Training Base. After his graduation from basic training, he was sent to the South Pacific for duty. His first assignment was in the Admiralty Islands on a floating dry dock. After a short tour there, he was sent to the Philippine Islands where he was assigned duty with the Naval Supply Depot and the 24th Seabees. His job there was to oversee the establishment of a supply depot for supplying the 5th and 7th fleet. My grandfather oversaw the unloading of the many incoming cargo ships that were carrying war supplies and much more. The location of this supply depot was in a hot zone that took on fire many times each and every day. It was mostly sniper fire. According to my grandfather, the snipers were not very good. They scored very few actual hits. They were taken out by United States forces. The sailors would typically take cover u ntil the fire stopped, and then resume working. My grandfather spent slightly more than one year in the Philippine Islands. Once the war was declared to be over, and the smoke had cleared from the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, he transferred back to the 7th fleet. He was assigned duty on the USS Pensacola (CA-24). The USS Pensacola was a heavy cruiser that was named after the city of Pensacola, Florida. This heavy cruiser was built at the Navy Yard, New York, at a cost of $11,100,000. It was launched from the Navy Yard on April 25, 1929. This amazing ship stood sixty five feet three inches tall and measured five hundred eighty five feet seven inches long, displacing nine thousand one hundred tons of water. There were ten eight inch fifty five caliber guns, eight five inch twenty five caliber guns, and several twenty and forty millimeter canons. The heavy cruiser was capable of air attacks, surface engagements, and ...