How is recycling affecting interior design Essay

How is recycling affecting interior design - Essay Example inputs (lowering the consumption of raw materials and energy) and outputs (waste that goes to landfills) of a production system (Letsrecycle.Com 2006). A study by the Technical University of Demark studied 55 products in household rubbish, comparing the effects of burning, burying and recycling them. The results proved that recycling was the most efficient way to do with the waste more than 80% of the times, providing a worthwhile energy savings in comparison with production from raw materials: 95% economy for aluminium, 70% fro plastics and 40 % for paper (Economist 2007). Since 1970s recycling is associated with the notions of sustainable design (also green or ecological design) and sustainable community development. According to Green Supply Line (2007), â€Å"Sustainable design is a comprehensive, holistic approach to creating products and systems that are environmentally benign, socially equitable, and economically viable: environmentally, such that the design offers obvious or measurable environmental benefits; socially, so that it fills the needs of everyone involved in its production, use and disposal or reuse; and economically, so that the design is competitive in the marketplace.† Pellow, Schnaiberg and Weinberg (2000) suggest that recycling has become a model of sustainable community development while it has environmental, economic and social benefits, where economic one plays, perhaps, the crucial role (p.7-8). Today recycling is one of the major requirements of sustainable design and sustainable community development. For instance, Santa Monica Green Building Program names â€Å"recycling of demolition & construction waste in construction contracts† and specification of recycled products per EPA purchasing guidelines among its requirements to materials and envelope and space planning (Santa Monica.org). Recycling, together with efficient reduction and reuse of resources (materials and energy) is underlined as one of the major principles in most of the

Gender Issues In Education, Sports And Employment Essay Example for Free

Gender Issues In Education, Sports And Employment Essay Gender is the cultural construct attached to the fact of biological sex. The construct of gender has come to carry significant meaning with regard to the valuing of people or behaviors according to gender qualifications. There is much evidence that suggest that gendered inequality is the product of female oppression in a world dominated by global male hegemony within and across institutions including family, school, politics, and the labor market. Gender inequality is generally manifested in unequal rights for women of access to basic social services such as education; unequal rights for equal work in the employment sector, and unequal opportunities in sports. This paper is a brief discussion of the specific problems commonly identified within the issue of gender inequality in the mentioned areas, along with a number of potential solutions to ease, if not to totally eradicate the said inequities. Gender Issues in Education The literature on women’s and girls’ education frequently focuses o gendered inequalities in educational opportunities, educational attainment, and status of women in social, political and economic arenas both within and across nations. This problem may seem relatively straightforward, but gendered educational inequity is a complex phenomenon. Women’s education is strongly contextualized by the social and cultural environment of the local schools and national educational systems. Schools are the locus for much of the progress that is being made towards a culture of equality, although there is still much more to be done in order for gender equality to be a consistent characteristic of educational systems around the world (Valian, 2004). A solution seen for this is to institutionalize gender equity standards as components of school policy and structure, which will make it more likely that gendered inequalities will be both observed and identified as inequity. In this way, a heightened sense of awareness in gendered educational inequality could work on behalf of women. Gender Issues in Sports Gender differentiation has also been powerfully constructed through sports and the culture of sports. Moreover, Scraton and Flintoff (2002) asserted that organized sport has been a powerful cultural arena for reinforcing the ideology and actuality of male superiority and dominance; its traditions, symbols, and values have tended to preserve patriarchy and women’s subordinate position in society. Sport was an activity that serves two purposes for men: it meets their recreational needs, and it is a perfect antidote for their anxieties about effeminacy. Sport thus became a popular means for men to reaffirm their masculinity, and hence, a powerful tool for maintaining patriarchal gender relations. These social conditions made being both a woman and an athlete an anomaly in life. Female athletes did not suit society’s ideal of femininity, and those who persisted in sport suffers various aversive sanctions, especially derogation and public ridicule. A solution seen about this issue is for sports organizations to be prepared to analyze critically the ways they operate, the ways they make policy, and the ways in which national and international policy processes influence or are influenced by these sites of power. Gender Issues in Employment Gender inequality in employment begins with the gender labeling of workers. Gender categorization in workplace primes workers and employers alike to infuse stereotypic assumptions about gender into the institutional scripts by which a job is enacted and represented to others (Blakemore and Griggs, 2007). Employers often begin the process by implicitly or explicitly seeking workers of a particular gender on the basis of assumptions about labor costs that are themselves suffused by the effect of gender status beliefs. On the occasions that they hire a woman for a certain position, the pay is lower compared to a man employed in the exact same position. As a further result, women are inclined to be concentrated in casual occupations, where salary and work environment are poorer than in formal and public positions. The understanding of how to work towards gender equality is that people need to change inequitable social systems and institutions. Generally, institutional change is the requirement for addressing the root causes of gender inequality. It means changing organizations which, in their programs, policies, structures, and ways of working, discriminate against women. Organizations should work on legal and policy change, or change material conditions. In order to bring about gender equality in employment, change must occur at the personal level and at the social level. It must occur in formal and informal relations. References Scraton, S. Flintoff, A. (2002). Gender and Sport: A Reader. New York: Routledge. Blakemore, K. Griggs, E. (2007). Social Policy: An Introduction. New York: Open University Press. Valian, V. (2004). Beyond Gender Schemas: Improving the Advancement of Women in Academia. NWSA Journal, 16 (1): 207-220.

Journal article :: essays research papers

Journal article   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using an academic search engine (Staffordshire university website), a link was found to www.sro.org, which contained many psychology journals on the topic of sleep and dreaming. Many journal articles were found, though the selected journal was ‘Slow wave & REM sleep mentation’ (Cicogna, Natale, Occhionero, Bosinelli 2000), previously used as assessment for the Internet journal assignment. Identifying hypothesis (10)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title is clear and straight to the point, highlighting the essential elements of the study. As the abstract shows, the aim of the journal is to compare the characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS). This would be to accept the hypothesis that dreaming is a continuous act, with allowing the different distributions and levels of REM and SWS to occur at different times during the sleep process. It has been acknowledged that the sleep process is divided into certain stages of REM and non rapid eye movement (NREM), being a crucial difference and the main point for NREM, i.e., SWS not being a part of the dreaming process. There has been much previous research about whether REM sleep can be connected to dreaming, outlaying different theories both for and against. An example of a study is to test participants on recall of their dreams through extreme controlled situations. It was found that 60-70% of SWS stage (3rd & 4th stage of NREM) could be recalled. Though this has not systematically been researched since 1968, it was argued how SWS could be bracketed as a continuous dreaming act when the recall results were so high, compared with the minimalist recall of REM stages. It has been suggested, therefore, that there are multiple generators dealing with these different stages, with the theory that it must be a discontinuous act, due the change of generators. However to put a different spin on the issue, most researchers believe there are some realities between REM and NREM s the term ‘dream’ or ‘dreaming’ does not have a uniform definition. The aim of the experiment is to try and find evidence to establish any connection between REM and SWS and infer a continuous dreaming process. This will be done by studying the differential elements between mental experiences collected in REM and NREM, leading to the suggestion that they are all quantitative. If this is proved then the idea of multiple generators may be eliminated, and replace by a single generator, considering dreaming continuously as fantasies & daydreams during sleep and those during wakening hours)

Freud V Erickson Essay -- Psychology Psychologists Compare Contrast

Sigmund Freud is probably the most familiar name that comes to mind when one thinks of famous psychologists. Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia in 1856, but when he was four years old his family moved to Vienna, where Freud was to live and work until the last year of his life. The scope of Freud's interests, and of his professional training, was very broad - he always considered himself first and foremost a scientist, endeavoring to extend the compass of human knowledge, and to this end, rather than to the practice of medicine, he enrolled at the medical school at the University of Vienna in 1873. He concentrated initially on biology, doing research in physiology for six years under the great German scientist Ernst Brà ¼cke, who was director of the Physiology Laboratory at the University, thereafter specializing in neurology. Eventually, Freud set up a private practice in the treatment of psychological disorders, which gave him much of the clinical material on which he based his th eories and his pioneering techniques.(Amacher) Freud's theories of development relied heavily on the belief that infantile sexuality must be seen as an integral part of a broader developmental theory of human personality. This had its origins in, and was a generalization of, Breuer's earlier discovery that traumatic childhood events could have devastating negative effects upon the adult individual, and took the form of the general thesis that early childhood sexual experiences were the crucial factors in the determination of the adult personality.(Freud2) From his account of the instincts or drives it followed that from the moment of birth the infant is driven in his actions by the desire for bodily/sexual pleasure, where this is seen by Freud in almost mechanical terms as the desire to release mental energy. This lasts until puberty, when mature genital development begins, and the pleasure drive refocuses around the genital area.(Amacher) It was also a friend and fellow psychoanalyst of Freud’s, Erik Erickson, who created one of the major theories that open a window to the development of everything that makes us who we are on the inside. It is referred to as Erickson’s Theory of Human Development and it simplifies the complex topic of human personality.(Miller) First, let’s talk about the man himself. Erik Homberger was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902. The conditions ... ...believed that personality continued to develop across the lifespan and describes stages of adult development not considered by Freud. Both theorists emphasized the unconscious, but Erickson went beyond this to discuss the importance of the collective unconscious; an idea Freud particularly rejected. Both theorists had little physical evidence to support their hypothesis, however because of the early stages of development that the field of psychology was in, they were accepted based primarily on merit, and have been later evaluated by evidence, and some parts accepted and others disregarded. Bibliography Amacher, Peter. 'Freud's Neurological Education and Its Influence on Psychoanalytic Theory.'Psychological Issues IV, no. 4, monograph 16. New York: International Universities Press, 1965. Battino, R., & South, T. 1997. Ericksonian Approaches: A Comprehensive Manual. Neuyptology Press Freud, Sigmund, Brill, A. A., ed. (1938). The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud, New York: The Modern Library Freud, Sigmund. (1935). An Autobiographical Study., London: Hogarth Press. Miller, P. (1983). Theories of Developmental Psychology. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company.

Movie Review: The White Balloon Essay

Jafar Panahi’s movie entitled â€Å"The White Balloon† is a depiction of social reality in these present times within the eyes of a young girl protagonist. The conflict of the story is simple as well as the resolution and its setting. The main problem of the protagonist is her likeness to buy a fish but she does not have any amount of money in her pocket. What she did was she took her mother’s last money and went to the store but while walking to the store, the girl lose her mother’s money that brought fear and anger within her. At the end of the story, there is no concrete solution to the conflict but the protagonist made her own way of obtaining the money to buy the fish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like what other critics and analysts said towards this film, there is no need to impose complex conflicts to make each story a good one. As long as there are complete scenarios and interpretations of things, everything would be better than the others. This is what Panahi did in this movie. He only took the courage to discuss and illustrate the life of Iranians in a typical country of Iran. Though it is more on the simple aspects of Iranian tradition, there is a combination of twist and turns that will bring its audience to the mood of waiting for the next situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In my own perception and point of view regarding the issues and topics that were tackled in the movie is that the director has no direct attack towards the resolution of the conflict. He is already satisfied with the illustrations and discussions of Iranian life but there is no form of resolution to the conflict. The protagonist’s problem was not a personal problem but a social problem that should not be taken for granted. It means that the director itself should not take this for granted if he wanted to analyze the situation of Iranian people especially in the cases like this where the main character is a child who always seeks for answers in every question. Reference Panahi, J. The White Balloon.

buy custom Continuum of Healthcare essay

buy custom Continuum of Healthcare essay Health care involves systems that are progressive in nature. This is especially in promotion of the well being of patients both physically and mentally. When an intervention is done early, it reduces chances of having critical service provision and hence makes their functions easy. In addition, cost to be incurred in offering these services is minimized. There are eight stages upon which Health Care Continuum goes through. These include the following: the first stage involves revisiting the overall missions and goals that have been set as well as the objectives (Deffenbaugh, 1994). It involves the use of the box that is best suited. This serves as the reality check and paves ways for the completion of the second and third step. Setting the right missions, goals and objectives helps in advancing other stages. The second stage involves the process of identifying the core programs that are vital in the health care. In every stage in provision of continuum health care, it is important to have a list of vital services as well as programs that are suitable to be applied in every other stage (Callahan, (2000). For instance, the list may include all the affairs concerning the health care. Moreover, there is possibility of occurrence of other forms of risks that are related to health care. Thus, for effective intervention of any risk, it is important to have appraisal programs. Core objectives are essential as they are responsible in spanning the continuum process. Other initiates such as self care can help in provision of information to be considered in supporting and providing any form of intervention that may be required. In addition, medical care may be provided personally and help in making critical decisions affecting oneself. For example, people suffering from chronic diseases may benefit from this course and in managing their conditions more effectively. The third stage involves the process ofidentifying the organizational as well other benefits that employees may find as vital and supporting. This includes covering the preventive health care type of initiatives such as screening. Others include process of precertification in order to review certain organizational procedures (Deffenbaugh, 1994). The organization should also be in a position to provide incentives to ensure that people are able to comply with the programs. The fourth stage, involves estimation of the costs that are involved in programming and other forms of utilities. Therefore, in this stage, the total costs that are incurred in provision of health care services determined. This also entails the cost that every employee gets. On the same, there self insurance may be important to consider. The organization is hence able to determine its total expenditures in every continuum stage that is covered (Callahan, 2000). Some of the major charges include the ambulatory visits that are medically oriented, employees who have been hospitalized, the surgery costs, costs incurred on life insurance of the employees among other medical costs. The fifth stage involves assessing the status or the condition of the organization. This involves reviewing the programs that are within the continuum type of format being used. In this stage, missions, objectives and goals are reviewed. Their strengths and weakness are hence analyzed. The possibility of integrating the programs as the organization moves across the continuum is hence reviewed. In provision of these services, there is a possibility of occurrence of a particular gap. Therefore, this stage targets to come up with a solution to meet the needs within the organization. In order to enhance the support and responsibilities, real gaps and other related functions are put into focus. In case, there are gaps in the system, they are reviewed in order to provide more improved services. The outtcomes of the programs in place and mode of services delivery is also important to consider at this stage. The sixth stage in health care continuum involves addressing the several options that are available in the program. A thorough analysis is conducted to come up with proper initiatives that service the recommended needs of the organization. For instance, there might be several gaps that present themselves within the appraisal of the health care risk; this stage will be used to find another option to be used to solve this mystery. Comparisons between several programs options is also done to determine the most appropriate. Some of the major comparisons entails participants involves, the styles being used as well as the telephone lifestyle among other programs that might be in force. The seventh stage in the provision of health care continuum involves process of justification, planning and implementation. In this case, the analyses that have been arrived at are put on scale (Callahan, 2000). This helps in planning the implementation of the programs as well as budgeting to make the expenditures more reflective. Methods to implement the approved programs are also determined. The last stage involves laying out the analysis. This helps in fine tuning of the programs within the organization. In addition, it helps in application of major forms of intervention measures. A care seeker is able to move from one stage to another more easily. This is because, continuum involves a continuous process. There are laid strategies or stages that enable a health care seeker to move continuously from one stage to the next. Often, health care continuum presents a systematic process through which a care seeker can easily move from one stage to another. Therefore, a care seeker needs to present his or her case to the management. This will enable his in the movement throughout the different stages involved. Buy custom Continuum of Healthcare essay

Book and Film - All Quiet On the Western Front essays

Book and Film - All Quiet On the Western Front essays I read "All Quiet on the Western Front" and viewed the movie. Both the film and the novel show the horror of trench warfare and the drawbacks of unquestioning patriotism. Both the film and the novel follow the same plot but emphasize different aspects. The beginning of both the movie and the novel start off saying. "This story is neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. [This story] will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells were destroyed by the war. This line is a precursor of what is to come. The film version of "All Quiet on the Western Front," directed by Lewis Milestone and the novel by Erich Remarque tells what happens to a group of German teenagers during World War I. In this novel some very deep feelings come from the soldiers point of view. The story centers around Paul Baumer, the main character. Paul is the protagonist of the novel who changes from a soft young man to a hardened soldier. He and his classmates had patriotically marched off for recruitment, led on by their teacher, Kantorek. However, they soon find that war is not as glorious as everyone thinks it is. The soldiers soon endure a life in the rat-infested trenches with very few food rations. Throughout the novel and the movie Paul focuses mainly on trying to stay alive and is constantly worrying whether his friends will survive. There is a strong serious tone present in the novel. The theme of how the war destroyed the generation is brought up many times. In the movie this theme is not brought up as much as in the book. There is struggle with death for the soldiers. There is a struggle to survive, and also to deal with the death of their comrades and those around them. A great deal of the setting of the novel and the movie takes place on the battlefield or in the trenches. Paul and his fellow soldiers live ...